滑雪94.5A和94.5B有什么区别
代表滑雪选手起跳那一刻的旋转方向不同世歼。
滑雪选手用自己的易转方向开始旋转，那么就记歼腊为A类动作；用自己的非易转方氏返滑向旋转记为B类动作。
滑雪的基本动作：直行滑雪、犁式制动、犁式旋转、半犁式摆动、大回转和小回转。
Alpine skiing概况
高山滑雪（alpine skiing） 起源于北欧的阿尔卑斯地区，故又称阿尔卑斯滑雪。高山滑雪是在越野滑雪基础上逐步形成的。1850年挪威的泰勒马克郡出现改变方向和停止滑行的旋转动作。1868年挪威滑雪运动奠基人诺德海姆等人在奥斯陆滑雪大会上表演了侧滑和S形快速降下技术。
1890年奥地利的茨达尔斯基（Matthias Zdarsky）发明适合阿尔卑斯山地区特点的短滑雪板及滑行技术，1905年他在维也纳南部的利林费尔德进行了高山滑雪史上第一次回转障碍降下表演。1907年英国创立阿尔卑斯滑雪俱乐部，这是世界上第一个高山滑雪组织。1910年奥地利的比尔格里上校（Georg Bilgeri）组织具有军事性质的高山滑雪学校，第一个采用深蹲姿势持双杖快速下降、制动转弯的滑法。
1921年英国的伦恩（Arnold Lunn）在瑞士组织了高山滑雪史上的首次回转和速降比赛。1922年奥地利的施奈德（Hannas Schneider）创办高山滑雪学校。1931年起举办扒陆世界高山滑雪锦标赛。1936年起被列为冬奥会比赛项目。运动员手持滑雪杖，脚踏滑雪板从高坡快速回转、降下。不同项目起点与终点的垂直高度差亦有不同：速降男子800～1100米，女子500～800米；回转男春脊顷子180～220米，女子140～200米；大回转男子250～450米，女子250～400米；超大回转男子500～650米，女子400～600米。野旦每个项目每个协会限报4人。比赛采用单人出发，顺序抽签排定。现冬奥会设男、女全能（1936年列入）、速降（1948年列入）、回转（1948年列入）、大回转（1952年列入）和超大回转（1988年列入）。
【简介】
奥会高山滑雪设10小项，男女各五项。男子项目设：滑降、回转、大回转、超级大回转、全能（滑降/回转）；女子项目设：滑降、回转、大回转、超级大回转、全能（滑降/回转）。
该项运动将速度与技巧完美地结合在一起，运动员在滑行过程中左右盘旋，将健美与优雅融于一体，粗犷中不失儒雅，所以，一直深受广大观众的欢迎。
高山滑雪起源于阿尔卑斯山地域，又称“阿尔卑斯滑雪”或“山地滑雪”。
特定的地理环境产生特定的求生含拆方式，经常处于冰天雪地的北欧早在五千多年前就已经开始有滑雪运动了。与其他起源于欧洲的冰上运动类似，它也是由原始狩猎演变而来并逐渐成为一种交通方式在北欧流行开来。今天能见到的最早的滑雪板现保存于“滑雪运动之都”挪威奥斯陆，那里陈列着一些1500年前的滑雪板。随着滑雪运动的更大普及，北欧人不满足于只平地上进行雪野角逐，他们的兴趣从平地越野速滑转向地形复杂的高山丛林间。
英国人阿诺德-卢恩爵士和奥地利人海因斯-施奈德发明了现代高山滑雪比赛。1922年，卢恩在瑞士的慕伦组织了历史上最早的一次高山滑雪比赛。
高山滑雪项目立足奥运会是从1936年开始的，当时只有男女快速降下和回转障碍下两项。从1952年开始，高山滑雪才固定为三个比赛项目：大回转障碍降下、回转障碍降下和快速降下。其线路的长度、高度差，以及检查门数都是不固定的，以后逐渐发展到目前的十个竞赛项目。
奥地利一直是冬奥会高山滑雪项目的最大羸家，总共获得77块奖牌。
高山滑雪主要分速度系列和技术系列两部分。
速度系列分速降和超级大回转。比赛按一次滑行成绩决出名次。滑降道落差最大，距离也最长，最高时速达130公里。超级大回转由于旗门数较多，速度稍慢。
技术系列分大回转和回转。名次按两次成绩合计计算。大回转距离是回转的两倍以上，对速度和技术都有要求。回转旗门数男子为55至75，女子为45至65。
起源于北欧的阿尔卑斯地区，故又称阿尔卑斯滑雪。高山滑雪是在越野滑雪基础上逐步形成的。1850年挪威的泰勒马克郡出现改变方向和停止滑行的旋转动作。1868年挪威滑雪运动奠基人诺德海姆等人在奥斯陆滑雪大会上表演了侧滑和S形快速降下技术。1890年奥地利的茨达尔斯基（Matthias Zdarsky）发明适合阿尔卑斯山地区特点的短滑雪板及滑行技术，1905年他在维也纳南部的利林费尔德进行了高山滑雪史上第一次回转障碍降下表演。1907年英国创立阿尔卑斯滑雪俱乐部，这是世界上第一个高山滑雪组织。1910年奥地利的比尔格里上校（Georg Bilgeri）组织具有军事性质的高山滑雪学校，第一个采用深蹲姿势持双杖谈哪枣快速下降、制动转弯的滑法。1921年英国的伦恩（Arnold Lunn）在瑞士组织了高山滑雪史上的首次回转和速降比赛。1922年奥地利的施奈德（Hannas Schneider）创办高山滑雪学校。1931年起举办世界高山滑雪锦标赛。1936年起被列为冬奥会比赛项目。运动员手持滑雪杖，脚踏滑雪板从高坡快速回转、降下。不同项目起点与终点的垂直高度差亦有不同：速降男子800～1100米，女子500～800米；回转男子180～220米，女子140～200米；大回转男子250～450米，女子250～400米；超大回转男子500～650米，女子400～600米。每个项目每个协会限报4人。比赛采用单人出发，顺序抽签排定。现冬奥会设男、女全能（1936年列入）、速降（1948年列入）、回转（1948年列入）、大回转（1952年列入）和超大回转（1988年列入）。
高山滑雪是冬奥会正式比赛项目。因起源于阿尔卑斯山地区，故又称“阿尔卑斯山项目”或“山地滑雪”。
高山滑雪主要分速度系列和技术系列两部分。
速度系缓宽列分速降和超级大回转。比赛按一次滑行成绩决出名次。滑降道落差最大，距离也最长，最高时速达130公里。超级大回转由于旗门数较多，速度稍慢。
技术系列分大回转和回转。名次按两次成绩合计计算。大回转距离是回转的两倍以上，对速度和技术都有要求。回转旗门数男子为55至75，女子为45至65。
此外，高山滑雪还有速降和回转两项综合赛。
高山滑雪比赛均在海拔1000米以上的高山进行。比赛要求起点和终点的垂直高度为800－1000米。
速降（又称滑降）要求运动员从山顶按规定线路穿过用旗插成的门形向下滑行，是竞速滑雪比赛项目。线路长2000米以上，坡度5－35度，平均20度，起点到终点高度男子为500－700米。线路两旁插一定数量的旗杆作为各种门形。男子比赛插红色旗，女子比赛插红蓝两色旗。旗门间距为4－8米，上下旗门间距一般为30米左右，以滑降两次的时间计算成绩，决定名次。技术动作有直滑降、斜滑降、乙形滑降、起伏地滑降、犁式和半犁式滑降等。身体姿势分高、中、低三种。
回转滑雪，要求运动员从高山上滑下时不断穿过门形和障碍物，连续转弯高速下滑，是一项竞速滑雪比赛。比赛线路长度男子为600－700米，女子400－500米，坡度30度以上的段落占比赛全程的四分之一。标高差男子为140－200米，女子为120－180米。在男子的比赛线路上插有55－75个门形，女子比赛线路上插有45－60个门形。比赛中在高速转弯通过线路上的各种门形时，需要两脚过门。碰倒旗杆不算犯规，漏门或骑杆过门算犯规不计成绩。在两条线路上各滑一次，以两次成绩总和评定名次，如第一次犯规则不能滑第二次。比赛前可以从上向下察看线路，但不能着滑雪板从上向卡摸拟滑行或穿越门形。
大回转滑雪，是高山滑雪比赛项目之一。运动员要快速从山上向下沿线路连续转弯，穿越各种门形。男子比赛线路长度为1500－2000米，女子为1000米以上。男子线路标高差为300－400米，女子为250－350米。坡度为15－32度。以两次滑行时间计算成绩。大回转的转弯设计速度为15－20米/秒。比赛前允许运动员从上往下察看线路，但不能着滑雪板从上往下模拟滑行。
该项运动是速度和技巧的结合，运动员在滑行过程中左右盘旋，非常精彩，所以，深受广大观众的欢迎。
找芦灶来行嫌一段History of Alpine Skiing供陪带扮参考
Before skis were used for fun and leisure, the ski was used for work and transportation. The oldest known version is a wide, short ski found in Sweden that has been shown to be over 4500 years old, and cave and rock drawings suggest that skis were used even long before then. These first skis may have been used by a hunter or a traveler, as they were commonly used during the long winters in Northern Russia and the Scandinavian countries. Early skis were not made for speed, but to designed to keep a traveler on top of the snow as they went about their business.
The people from the Telemark area of Norway have been largely credited with developing skiing into a sport, somewhere in the early 1700's. They invented the Telemark and the Christiana (now known as the Christie) turns as methods of artfully controlling speeds on downhill descents. They were also quite fond of jumping. Thus, disciplines in both alpine and Nordic skiing owe their existence to these early pioneers.
The distinction that now we make between the different disciplines of skiing was not made centuries ago. All of the early skis had a boot mounted to the ski only at the toe, with the heel free to move up and down, what we now call a Nordic ski.
The first organized events in skiing, jumping and a type of cross-country race, started in the early 1800's, and both used the Nordic system. While the Nordic ski has seen many changes over the years, with several different varieties existing today, these two disciplines of skiing still exist with much of the same spirit as they had over 150 years ago.
Skiing grew more popular in the early 1900's, as Europeans learned about all of the fun their Norwegian neighbors were having. The sport still utilized Nordic equipment during much of this time. This is illustrated with events included in the first Winter Olympic Games. The inaugural 1924 Games in Chamonix, France had only 5 sports, and the skiing events were both Nordic: Ski Jumping and Nordic Combined. This continued until Cross-Country Skiing first made the Olympic agenda as a stand alone event during the 1932 Winter Games in Lake Placid.
As skiing was taken to ever more challenging terrain, however, technique and equipment adapted to the challenge. The Telemark turn was adequate for the flatter, rolling terrain of Norway, but lacked the control necessary for the steeper slopes of the Alps and other European mountains. This lead to the birth of Alpine skiing.
Alpine ski equipment used a boot that was mounted to the ski at both the toe and the heel, and gave more control to the skier, allowing him/her to negotiate steeper slopes and ski at faster speeds. The Alpine skiing disciplines of downhill and slalom came about with this new equipment, and the 1936 Winter Games in Innsbruck, Austria, saw the first introduction of an alpine ski event: the combined, which added a skier's results in both events.
It was during the 1930's that alpine skiing became a popular European pastime, as ski lifts were invented that eliminated the labor of climbing a mountain before experiencing an exhilarating descent. The ski area industry began in earnest after the Second World War, when Austria and Switzerland developed the first Alpine Ski Resorts.
During the past 60 years different schools of thought have grew up around skiing, with advocates for different techniques and disciplines vying for the recognition as the best form of the sport.
Giant Slalom combined aspects of both previous disciplines, and first made the Olympic Games during the 1952 Oslo Winter Olympics.
Super G, A hybrid of Giant Slalom and Downhill, added a fourth alpine ski discipline when it was added to World Cup events in 1983, and the Olympics in 1988.
During this time equipment manufacturers developed faster and safer equipment, and athletes combined this new equipment with better training and technique to continuously improve the sport.
While the debate still goes on about which is the premier skiing discipline, one thing is for sure: the growth in popularity of all forms of skiing, and the fact that they are sports that can be enjoyed for a lifetime, has meant that each skiing discipline has grown. Each has been embraced and championed by its aficionados.
The legacy left to us by skiing's long history is that each winter brings us an increasing number of ways to enjoy winter, and to race against each other on snow.
Ever heard this before: First one down the hill wins!
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